Lyme Disease Prevention Tips

Friday, June 08, 2012

Lyme disease is the most frequently transmitted bug-borne illness, causing a bulls-eye type rash, fatigue, chills, and fevers. Left untreated, people with Lyme disease can suffer more serious complications, including neurological issues.

“The tick that transmits Lyme disease is now found throughout Central Massachusetts, a fact that places anyone who spends time out of doors in gardens, fields or woods at risk,” Anthony L. Esposito, Director of Infectious Diseases and Chief of the Department of Medicine at Saint Vincent Hospital, said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, Massachusetts had 2380 confirmed cases of Lyme disease in 2010, with another 883 probable cases identified. Only New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Wisconsin have more identified cases.

Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. In most cases, an infected tick must be attached for at least 24 hours for the bacteria to be transmitted and cause the disease.

Lyme Disease Prevention

The best way to prevent Lyme disease to prevent tick bites.

The CDC advises anyone heading outdoors to know where ticks are likely to be and take precautions. Ticks live in and near wooded or grassy areas, and can be encountered when walking through vegetation such as leaf litter or shrubs. To avoid ticks, walk in the center of trails.

Use a bug repellent with DEET and treat clothing and gear with permethrin, which will continue to protect even after several washings.

“A ‘tick inspection’ should follow a hike in the woods or any extended time spent in the out of doors,” Dr. Esposito said.

That inspection should include checking under the arms, in and around the ears, inside belly button, the back of the knees, in and around all head and body hair, between the legs and around the waist.

Lyme Disease Symptoms and Treatment

Dr. Esposito warned that the most common sign of infection is a bulls-eye type red rash

“A red, round rash that appears in an armpit or groin, or on the neck or chest, or behind the knees should prompt a visit to your primary care physician. The rash could be a condition called ‘erythema migrans’ and the most common sign of Lyme infection.”

Other possible indicators of Lyme disease include headaches, stiff neck and flu-like symptoms, although these often resolve within a few weeks.

Left untreated Lyme disease can cause arthritis, joint pain, temporary paralysis of facial muscles.

Fortunately, when caught early enough, Lyme disease is curable.

“Antibiotic treatment will cure Lyme disease,” Dr. Esposito said.